Using Earth to Understand How Water May Have Affected Volcanoes on Mars

1. 0:02In early 2015, Earth saw the birth of a new island ...the first of its explosive type in 53 years.
2. 0:10The blast was so large that nearby tourists caught the explosion on camera.
3. 0:15The new island, unofficially known as Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha'apai, is located in the remote South Pacific,
4. 0:21nestled between two other islands in the Kingdom of Tonga.
5. 0:25It's the first island of its kind to erupt and persist in the modern satellite era,
6. 0:30giving scientists an unprecedented view from space of its erosional evolution.
7. 0:37The event immediately caught the attention of Dr. Jim Garvin, Chief Scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, geomorphologist, and Mars expert.
8. 0:48It should be a pile of basaltic anticidic rocks.
9. 0:51That’s what you expect in this kind of setting...but there’s more.
10. 0:55What does a Mars expert see in the island that the rest of us don't?
11. 1:00I think these small islands, small volcanic islands, freshly made, evolving rapidly
12. 1:06are windows into the role of surface waters on Mars as they have effected
13. 1:11small land forms like volcanoes. And we see fields of them on Mars!
14. 1:19The island dramatically changed shape and size every day for the first few months About six months in, it finally stabilized.
15. 1:27We watched this island change. And it got more and more exciting.
16. 1:30It didn’t wash away. While there was massive erosion, there was redeposition, protecting the island.
17. 1:39Similar processes seen on Earth may have been at work two or three billion years ago
18. 1:44on Mars - persistent surface waters that may have fashioned the Martian terrain that is evident there today.
19. 1:53The truth is the two systems are actually cosmically related Our understanding of landforms on distant planets
20. 2:00is directly informed by studying the evolution of similar features on Earth.
21. 2:06Earth is a magical place because, really, it’s our point of departure for everything
22. 2:10And we come to realize in the last hundred years or so
23. 2:14that it’s a far more dynamic world than we ever thought.

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