NASA ScienceCasts: Cutting-edge Biomanufacturing Aboard the International Space Station

1. 0:04Cutting-edge Biomanufacturing Aboard the International Space Station - presented by Science@NASA
2. 0:14Most likely, you’re aware of 3D printing, which allows you to design and produce one-of-a-kind pieces
3. 0:20for a variety of purposes. But what if you could use that same technology
4. 0:26to manufacture biological materials, like new tissue or blood vessels?
5. 0:31Welcome to the world of 3D biomanufacturing, a cutting-edge practice on Earth
6. 0:35that is being tested aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
7. 0:41Dr. Mike Roberts, Deputy Chief Scientist at the ISS U.S. National Laboratory,
8. 0:47explains why the space station is critical to biomanufacturing’s future.
9. 0:52“We’ve been able to grow cells in a lab for well over a century, but gravity limits that growth to two dimensions.
10. 0:59Cells can grow outward, but not up and down like they do in the human body.
11. 1:04Also, lab cells are often in contact with the glass or plastic that contains them.
12. 1:10But aboard the space station, our experiments will be conducted in microgravity.
13. 1:15That allows you to build your cell models in three dimensions,
14. 1:17without being confined to the bottom of a dish or unable to grow in contact with lots of other cells.”
15. 1:24Biomanufacturing imagines the ability to someday grow a viable human organ.
16. 1:30Organs are composed of specific tissue intersected by blood vessels.
17. 1:35Most organs and thicker tissues in the body have a rich, complex network of blood vessels
18. 1:40that provide nutrients and remove wastes from the living cells that make up the tissue.
19. 1:45We currently lack the ability and the tools to engineer these highly branched,
20. 1:49living networks of vessels inside layers of tissues on Earth.
21. 1:53Another medical advantage to manufacturing biological parts in space is the potential to bypass the body’s immune system.
22. 2:02Today, organ transplants from donors are prone to rejection because the patient’s body
23. 2:06perceives the new organ as a foreign object, and their immune system tries to attack it.
24. 2:12But with the ability to grow tissue in space, a person could conceivably have their own cells used
25. 2:18to make their new organ, which might avoid the body’s rejection.
26. 2:21Three different types of biomanufacturing facilities will be tested aboard the space station.
27. 2:27Two of them perform in a manner similar to a standard 3D printer – they extrude cells in layers to build tissue.
28. 2:35The third type uses powerful magnets to position the cells in place.
29. 2:39Each of these three different approaches to bioprinting in microgravity
30. 2:43will be available to medical researchers seeking to better understand how to engineer
31. 2:48tissues and organs for use in repairing injury and curing disease on Earth.
32. 2:53As Dr. Roberts notes: “The 3D bio printers represent cutting-edge technologies that could clearly benefit health outcomes on Earth.
33. 3:02I think the ability to manufacture a fully functioning human organ will take some time,
34. 3:07maybe a decade or more – but the knowledge we’ll acquire to get there will also create interim benefits
35. 3:13as we learn more about cell regeneration in space and its application to humans on Earth.”
36. 3:19For more inside information about studies inside the station, visit www.nasa.gov/iss-science
37. 3:28For more on science happening on, around, and beyond our planet go to science.nasa.gov

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